HL7 Terminology (THO)
6.0.2 - Publication
This page is part of the HL7 Terminology (v6.0.2: Release) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) v5.0.0. This is the current published version. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions
This page describes how to use ICD with HL7 Standards.
ICD is a family of code systems maintained by WHO, with many countries publishing their own variants.
There are two principal revisions of ICD in use - ICD-10 and ICD-9 (note that while US usage has recently updated to ICD-10, there is still a lot of legacy data coded in ICD-9). Though these can be referred to as different versions of ICD, they are entirely distinct sets of codes, with significant differences in organization and coding rules. Plus, if period ('.') characters are disregarded (as occurs in some systems), a few of the codes are overlapping between ICD-9 and ICD-10. Given these considerations, ICD-9 and ICD-10 are represented as entirely separate code systems. The new version of the ICD (ICD-11) was released on June 18, 2018, as a preliminary version. It was officially presented at the World Health Assembly in May 2019 and will be used as the official reporting system by member states beginning January 1, 2022.
ICD-11 | ICD-10 | ICD-9 | |
Source | WHO or see below | (CDC) | |
System | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10 and http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10-[x] (see below) | See ICD-9 Variants section below | |
OID | 2.16.840.1.113883.6.3 | See ICD-9 Variants section below | |
Version | The versioning convention and frequency may vary between the various ICD revisions and variants. WHO publishes a new version of ICD-10 annually in October (with minor updates annually, and major updates, if required, every 3 years - the versions are identified as 'YYYY', e.g. '2016'). The national variants (which in some cases are used multi-nationally) are also typically published on an annual basis (refer to the documentation for a particular variant for details). | ||
Code | Either an ICD-10 or ICD-9 code, or a dual (multiple) coding expression - see below. ICD codes SHALL be represented with the period included, e.g. 123.4 | ||
Display | There are no specific conventions required or described for obtaining the complete display string for use for each code. | ||
Inactive | ICD-9 and ICD-10 do not have codes that are identified as inactive (although in some cases previously included codes may have been removed or changed in meaning in subsequent versions). | ||
Hierarchy | The tabular representations are organized with headings and multiple levels of codes (typically based on the numbers of digits contained in each code), corresponding to CodeSystem.hierarchyMeaning = 'classified-with'. | ||
Filter Properties | None are described yet. |
ICD-9-CM is a clinical modification of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9). There is no url specified for ICD-9.
Variants:
ICD-9-CM (clinical codes) | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-9-cm | 2.16.840.1.113883.6.103 |
ICD-9-CM (procedure codes) | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-9-cm | 2.16.840.1.113883.6.104 |
Variants (other variants exist which are not listed here):
Germany | http://fhir.de/CodeSystem/dimdi/icd-10-gm | see HL7 Germany page |
Netherlands | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10-nl | 2.16.840.1.113883.6.3.2 |
United States | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10-cm | 2.16.840.1.113883.6.90 |
For dual ("two code", “dagger and asterisk”) coding see volume 2 ICD-10 Manual), section 3.1.3 Two codes for certain conditions. In cases where two codes are required, the primary recommendation for representing this coding in FHIR (in Coding.code) is to simply use the two ICD-10 codes separated by a space, e.g. "J21.8 B95.6", as the code value (string). This is a simple form of post-coordination syntax. Alternatively, another possible syntax that may be used (which may be desirable or required in some situations) is to include the characters of the dagger (represented as † or +) for the primary code and the asterisk (*) for the secondary code as part of the post-coordinated code value, e.g. "J21.8+ B95.6*". In either case, it is recommended that the primary (+) code for the underlying generalized disease is listed first, followed by the secondary (*) code for the specific manifestation in a particular organ or site.
Dual coding in ICD-10 is used for the following (and potentially other) reasons:
Dual Coding Example: "Staph aureus bronchiolitis" is coded using ICD-10 codes J21.8 "Acute bronchiolitis due to other specified organisms" and B95.6 "Staphylococcus aureus as the cause of diseases classified to other chapters" as:
<coding> <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10"/> <code value="J21.8 B95.6"/> </coding>
or, with the + and * characters included:
<coding> <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10"/> <code value="J21.8+ B95.6*"/> </coding>
Some jurisdictions (e.g. Germany) have additional coding requirements that go beyond the dual coding “dagger and asterisk” coding approach (syntax). In ICD-10-GM used in Germany the ! character is used to indicate a secondary diagnosis.
Primary diagnosis
Secondary diagnosis
The recommended syntax for representing these combinations of codes in FHIR (in Coding.code) is to include the additional (+*!) characters when they are present and to separate the code groups with a space, as:
<coding> <system value="http://fhir.de/CodeSystem/dimdi/icd-10-gm"/> <version value="2017"/> <code value="S62.32 Z33!"/> </coding>
The coding also may require three or sometimes more codes for a complete representation of the intended meaning. A further German coding example (from the Deutsche Kodierrichtlinien manual) includes an additional secondary diagnosis and a monitoring code.
Additional secondary diagnosis and monitoring codes
A proper interpretation of this extended example is: "A patient is admitted to hospital due to a fracture of the metacarpal shaft. Since she is six weeks pregnant, the pregnancy and the monitoring of the pregnancy are coded as secondary diagnoses." The recommended FHIR representation is:
<coding> <system value="http://fhir.de/CodeSystem/dimdi/icd-10-gm"/> <version value="2017"/> <code value="S62.32 Z33! O09.1! Z34"/> </coding>
Other jurisdictions may have similar needs for multiple coding but with different specific coding requirements. In those cases local coding manuals and authorities should be consulted to determine the recommended or expected syntax to use in a FHIR Coding instance.
ICD-10 is ©Copyright World Health Organization (WHO). WHO licenses its published material widely, in order to encourage maximum use and dissemination. See Licensing WHO classifications for details. The ICD variants have their own separate copyright and licensing (refer to the documentation for the particular variant for details).
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