HL7 Terminology (THO)
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This page is part of the HL7 Terminology (v6.0.1: Release) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) v5.0.0. This is the current published version in its permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

ValueSet: ActClassObservation

Official URL: http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActClassObservation Version: 3.0.0
Active as of 2014-03-26 Responsible: Health Level Seven International Computable Name: ActClassObservation
Other Identifiers: OID:2.16.840.1.113883.1.11.11529

Copyright/Legal: This material derives from the HL7 Terminology THO. THO is copyright ©1989+ Health Level Seven International and is made available under the CC0 designation. For more licensing information see: https://terminology.hl7.org/license.html

Description:An act that is intended to result in new information about a subject. The main difference between Observations and other Acts is that Observations have a value attribute. The code attribute of Observation and the value attribute of Observation must be considered in combination to determine the semantics of the observation.

Discussion:

Structurally, many observations are name-value-pairs, where the Observation.code (inherited from Act) is the name and the Observation.value is the value of the property. Such a construct is also known as a variable (a named feature that can assume a value) hence, the Observation class is always used to hold generic name-value-pairs or variables, even though the variable valuation may not be the result of an elaborate observation method. It may be a simple answer to a question or it may be an assertion or setting of a parameter.

As with all Act statements, Observation statements describe what was done, and in the case of Observations, this includes a description of what was actually observed (results or answers); and those results or answers are part of the observation and not split off into other objects.

The method of action is asserted by the Observation classCode or its subclasses at the least granular level, by the Observation.code attribute value at the medium level of granularity, and by the attribute value of observation.methodCode when a finer level of granularity is required. The method in whole or in part may also appear in the attribute value of Observation.value when using coded data types to express the value of the attribute. Relevant aspects of methodology may also be restated in value when the results themselves imply or state a methodology.

An observation may consist of component observations each having their own Observation.code and Observation.value. In this case, the composite observation may not have an Observation.value for itself. For instance, a white blood cell count consists of the sub-observations for the counts of the various granulocytes, lymphocytes and other normal or abnormal blood cells (e.g., blasts). The overall white blood cell count Observation itself may therefore not have a value by itself (even though it could have one, e.g., the sum total of white blood cells). Thus, as long as an Act is essentially an Act of recognizing and noting information about a subject, it is an Observation, regardless of whether it has a simple value by itself or whether it has sub-observations.

Even though observations are professional acts (see Act) and as such are intentional actions, this does not require that every possible outcome of an observation be pondered in advance of it being actually made. For instance, differential white blood cell counts (WBC) rarely show blasts, but if they do, this is part of the WBC observation even though blasts might not be predefined in the structure of a normal WBC.

Clinical documents commonly have Subjective and Objective findings, both of which are kinds of Observations. In addition, clinical documents commonly contain Assessments, which are also kinds of Observations. Thus, the establishment of a diagnosis is an Observation.

Examples:

  • Recording the results of a Family History Assessment
  • Laboratory test and associated result
  • Physical exam test and associated result
  • Device temperature
  • Soil lead level

References

Logical Definition (CLD)

Generated Narrative: ValueSet v3-ActClassObservation

Language: en

 

Expansion

Generated Narrative: ValueSet

Language: en

Expansion based on codesystem ActClass v4.0.0 (CodeSystem)

This value set contains 40 concepts

LevelCodeSystemDisplayInactiveDefinitionstatus
1  OBShttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassobservation

**Description:**An act that is intended to result in new information about a subject. The main difference between Observations and other Acts is that Observations have a value attribute. The code attribute of Observation and the value attribute of Observation must be considered in combination to determine the semantics of the observation.

Discussion:

Structurally, many observations are name-value-pairs, where the Observation.code (inherited from Act) is the name and the Observation.value is the value of the property. Such a construct is also known as a variable (a named feature that can assume a value) hence, the Observation class is always used to hold generic name-value-pairs or variables, even though the variable valuation may not be the result of an elaborate observation method. It may be a simple answer to a question or it may be an assertion or setting of a parameter.

As with all Act statements, Observation statements describe what was done, and in the case of Observations, this includes a description of what was actually observed (results or answers); and those results or answers are part of the observation and not split off into other objects.

The method of action is asserted by the Observation classCode or its subclasses at the least granular level, by the Observation.code attribute value at the medium level of granularity, and by the attribute value of observation.methodCode when a finer level of granularity is required. The method in whole or in part may also appear in the attribute value of Observation.value when using coded data types to express the value of the attribute. Relevant aspects of methodology may also be restated in value when the results themselves imply or state a methodology.

An observation may consist of component observations each having their own Observation.code and Observation.value. In this case, the composite observation may not have an Observation.value for itself. For instance, a white blood cell count consists of the sub-observations for the counts of the various granulocytes, lymphocytes and other normal or abnormal blood cells (e.g., blasts). The overall white blood cell count Observation itself may therefore not have a value by itself (even though it could have one, e.g., the sum total of white blood cells). Thus, as long as an Act is essentially an Act of recognizing and noting information about a subject, it is an Observation, regardless of whether it has a simple value by itself or whether it has sub-observations.

Even though observations are professional acts (see Act) and as such are intentional actions, this does not require that every possible outcome of an observation be pondered in advance of it being actually made. For instance, differential white blood cell counts (WBC) rarely show blasts, but if they do, this is part of the WBC observation even though blasts might not be predefined in the structure of a normal WBC.

Clinical documents commonly have Subjective and Objective findings, both of which are kinds of Observations. In addition, clinical documents commonly contain Assessments, which are also kinds of Observations. Thus, the establishment of a diagnosis is an Observation.

Examples:

  • Recording the results of a Family History Assessment
  • Laboratory test and associated result
  • Physical exam test and associated result
  • Device temperature
  • Soil lead level
2    _ActClassROIhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassActClassROI

Regions of Interest (ROI) within a subject Act. Primarily used for making secondary observations on a subset of a subject observation. The relationship between a ROI and its referenced Act is specified through an ActRelationship of type "subject" (SUBJ), which must always be present.

3      ROIBNDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassbounded ROI

A Region of Interest (ROI) specified for a multidimensional observation, such as an Observation Series (OBSSER). The ROI is specified using a set of observation criteria, each delineating the boundary of the region in one of the dimensions in the multidimensional observation. The relationship between a ROI and its referenced Act is specified through an ActRelationship of type subject (SUBJ), which must always be present. Each of the boundary criteria observations is connected with the ROI using ActRelationships of type "has component" (COMP). In each boundary criterion, the Act.code names the dimension and the Observation.value specifies the range of values inside the region. Typically the bounded dimension is continuous, and so the Observation.value will be an interval (IVL) data type. The Observation.value need not be specified if the respective dimension is only named but not constrained. For example, an ROI for the QT interval of a certain beat in ECG Lead II would contain 2 boundary criteria, one naming the interval in time (constrained), and the other naming the interval in ECG Lead II (only named, but not constrained).

3      ROIOVLhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassoverlay ROI

A Region of Interest (ROI) specified for an image using an overlay shape. Typically used to make reference to specific regions in images, e.g., to specify the location of a radiologic finding in an image or to specify the site of a physical finding by "circling" a region in a schematic picture of a human body. The units of the coordinate values are in pixels. The origin is in the upper left hand corner, with positive X values going to the right and positive Y values going down. The relationship between a ROI and its referenced Act is specified through an ActRelationship of type "subject" (SUBJ), which must always be present.

2    _SubjectPhysicalPositionhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasssubject physical position

The spatial relationship of a subject whether human, other animal, or plant, to a frame of reference such as gravity or a collection device.

3      _SubjectBodyPositionhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasssubject body positioninactive

Contains codes for defining the observed, physical position of a subject, such as during an observation, assessment, collection of a specimen, etc. ECG waveforms and vital signs, such as blood pressure, are two examples where a general, observed position typically needs to be noted.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        LLDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassleft lateral decubitusinactive

Lying on the left side.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        PRNhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassproneinactive

Lying with the front or ventral surface downward; lying face down.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        RLDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassright lateral decubitusinactive

Lying on the right side.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        SFWLhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassSemi-Fowler'sinactive

A semi-sitting position in bed with the head of the bed elevated approximately 45 degrees.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        SIThttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasssittinginactive

Resting the body on the buttocks, typically with upper torso erect or semi erect.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        STNhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassstandinginactive

To be stationary, upright, vertical, on one's legs.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
4        SUPhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasssupineinactive

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
5          RTRDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassreverse trendelenburginactive

Lying on the back, on an inclined plane, typically about 30-45 degrees with head raised and feet lowered.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
5          TRDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasstrendelenburginactive

Lying on the back, on an inclined plane, typically about 30-45 degrees, with head lowered and feet raised.

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because it does not describe a type of Act (as it should in the ActClass code system), but rather encodes the result or value of an observation. The same code has been added to the ObservationValue code system.

deprecated
3      _ImagingSubjectOrientationhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassimaging subject orientationinactive

A code specifying qualitatively the spatial relation between imaged object and imaging film or detector.

2    ALRThttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassdetected issue

An observation identifying a potential adverse outcome as a result of an Act or combination of Acts.

Examples: Detection of a drug-drug interaction; Identification of a late-submission for an invoice; Requesting discharge for a patient who does not meet hospital-defined discharge criteria.

Discussion: This class is commonly used for identifying 'business rule' or 'process' problems that may result in a refusal to carry out a particular request. In some circumstances it may be possible to 'bypass' a problem by modifying the request to acknowledge the issue and/or by providing some form of mitigation.

Constraints: the Act or Acts that may cause the the adverse outcome are the target of a subject ActRelationship. The subbtypes of this concept indicate the type of problem being detected (e.g. drug-drug interaction) while the Observation.value is used to repesent a specific problem code (e.g. specific drug-drug interaction id).

2    BATTERYhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassbattery

Definition: An observation that is composed of a set of observations. These observations typically have a logical or practical grouping for generally accepted clinical or functional purposes, such as observations that are run together because of automation. A battery can define required and optional component observations and, in some cases, will define complex rules that determine whether or not a particular observation is made. BATTERY is a constraint on the Observation class in that it is understood to always be composed of component observations.

UsageNotes: The focus in a BATTERY is that it is composed of individual observations. In request (RQO) mood, a battery is a request to perform the component observations. In event (EVN) mood a battery is a reporting of associated set of observation events. In definition mood a battery is the definition of the associated set of observations.

Examples: Vital signs, Full blood count, Chemistry panel.

2    CLNTRLhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassclinical trial

The set of actions that define an experiment to assess the effectiveness and/or safety of a biopharmaceutical product (food, drug, device, etc.). In definition mood, this set of actions is often embodied in a clinical trial protocol; in event mood, this designates the aggregate act of applying the actions to one or more subjects.

2    CNODhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassCondition Nodeinactive

An instance of Observation of a Condition at a point in time that includes any Observations or Procedures associated with that Condition as well as links to previous instances of Condition Node for the same Condition

Deprecation Comment: This concept has been deprecated because an alternative structure for tracking the evolution of a problem has been presented and adopted by the Care Provision Work Group.

deprecated
2    CONDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassConditioninactive

An observable finding or state that persists over time and tends to require intervention or management, and, therefore, distinguished from an Observation made at a point in time; may exist before an Observation of the Condition is made or after interventions to manage the Condition are undertaken. Examples: equipment repair status, device recall status, a health risk, a financial risk, public health risk, pregnancy, health maintenance, chronic illness

deprecated
3      CASEhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasspublic health caseinactive

A public health case is an Observation representing a condition or event that has a specific significance for public health. Typically it involves an instance or instances of a reportable infectious disease or other condition. The public health case can include a health-related event concerning a single individual or it may refer to multiple health-related events that are occurrences of the same disease or condition of interest to public health. An outbreak involving multiple individuals may be considered as a type of public health case. A public health case definition (Act.moodCode = "definition") includes the description of the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic indicators associated with a disease or condition of interest to public health. There are case definitions for conditions that are reportable, as well as for those that are not. There are also case definitions for outbreaks. A public health case definition is a construct used by public health for the purpose of counting cases, and should not be used as clinical indications for treatment. Examples include AIDS, toxic-shock syndrome, and salmonellosis and their associated indicators that are used to define a case.

deprecated
4        OUTBhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassoutbreakinactive

An outbreak represents a series of public health cases. The date on which an outbreak starts is the earliest date of onset among the cases assigned to the outbreak, and its ending date is the last date of onset among the cases assigned to the outbreak.

deprecated
2    DGIMGhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassdiagnostic image

Class for holding attributes unique to diagnostic images.

2    GENhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassgenomic observation

**Description:**An observation of genomic phenomena.

3      DETPOLhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassdeterminant peptide

**Description:**A determinant peptide in a polypeptide as described by polypeptide.

3      EXPhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassexpression level

**Description:**An expression level of genes/proteins or other expressed genomic entities.

3      LOChttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasslocus

**Description:**The position of a gene (or other significant sequence) on the genome.

3      PHNhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassphenotype

**Description:**A genomic phenomenon that is expressed externally in the organism.

3      POLhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasspolypeptide

**Description:**A polypeptide resulting from the translation of a gene.

3      SEQhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassbio sequence

**Description:**A sequence of biomolecule like the DNA, RNA, protein and the like.

3      SEQVARhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassbio sequence variation

**Description:**A variation in a sequence as described by BioSequence.

2    INVSTGhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassinvestigation

An formalized inquiry into the circumstances surrounding a particular unplanned event or potential event for the purposes of identifying possible causes and contributing factors for the event. This investigation could be conducted at a local institutional level or at the level of a local or national government.

2    OBSSERhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassobservation series

Container for Correlated Observation Sequences sharing a common frame of reference. All Observations of the same cd must be comparable and relative to the common frame of reference. For example, a 3-channel ECG device records a 12-lead ECG in 4 steps (3 leads at a time). Each of the separate 3-channel recordings would be in their own "OBSCOR". And, all 4 OBSCOR would be contained in one OBSSER because all the times are relative to the same origin (beginning of the recording) and all the ECG signals were from a fixed set of electrodes.

3      OBSCORhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClasscorrelated observation sequences

Container for Observation Sequences (Observations whose values are contained in LIST<>'s) having values correlated with each other. Each contained Observation Sequence LIST<> must be the same length. Values in the LIST<>'s are correlated based on index. E.g. the values in position 2 in all the LIST<>'s are correlated. This is analogous to a table where each column is an Observation Sequence with a LIST<> of values, and each row in the table is a correlation between the columns. For example, a 12-lead ECG would contain 13 sequences: one sequence for time, and a sequence for each of the 12 leads.

2    POShttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassposition

An observation denoting the physical location of a person or thing based on a reference coordinate system.

3      POSACChttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassposition accuracy

**Description:**An observation representing the degree to which the assignment of the spatial coordinates, based on a matching algorithm by a geocoding engine against a reference spatial database, matches true or accepted values.

3      POSCOORDhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassposition coordinate

**Description:**An observation representing one of a set of numerical values used to determine the position of a place. The name of the coordinate value is determined by the reference coordinate system.

2    SPCOBShttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassspecimen observation

An observation on a specimen in a laboratory environment that may affect processing, analysis or result interpretation

2    VERIFhttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActClassVerification

An act which describes the process whereby a 'verifying party' validates either the existence of the Role attested to by some Credential or the actual Vetting act and its details.


Explanation of the columns that may appear on this page:

Level A few code lists that FHIR defines are hierarchical - each code is assigned a level. In this scheme, some codes are under other codes, and imply that the code they are under also applies
System The source of the definition of the code (when the value set draws in codes defined elsewhere)
Code The code (used as the code in the resource instance)
Display The display (used in the display element of a Coding). If there is no display, implementers should not simply display the code, but map the concept into their application
Definition An explanation of the meaning of the concept
Comments Additional notes about how to use the code

History

DateActionAuthorCustodianComment
2023-11-14reviseMarc DuteauTSMGAdd standard copyright and contact to internal content; up-476
2022-10-18reviseMarc DuteauTSMGFixing missing metadata; up-349
2020-05-06reviseTed KleinVocabulary WGMigrated to the UTG maintenance environment and publishing tooling.
2014-03-26reviseVocabulary (Woody Beeler) (no record of original request)2014T1_2014-03-26_001283 (RIM release ID)Lock all vaue sets untouched since 2014-03-26 to trackingId 2014T1_2014_03_26